The demand to prevent skin changes due to the aging process has led to AMB Wellness® developing innovative purification steps and insulating and concentrating 4 times as nature does an extract mannose glycoconjugates from Aloe Vera called ACETYPOL DM®. AMB® from its foundation has been devoted dedicated to investing in research to develop technology to concentrate and extraction of many of 75 compounds of aloe vera inner gel, ACETYPOL DM® is created mainly focused on polysaccharides as glucomannan and acemannan, Most research has been centralized on the biological activities of the various species of Aloe, but not enough of glycobiology of aloe vera, our scientific research center, launch a specialty product, ACETYPOL DM®, sourcing from aloe vera gel purification process extraction and its proprietary process of cell membrane permeation the brand ACETYPOL DM®, it has recently been insulating glyconutrients. AMB’s products including ACETYPOL DM® are aloe vera organic raw materials, COSMOS, fair trade, Halal, kosher, ISO22000, and FSSC 22000 certifications. And are manufactured by quality control policies such as GMP and HACCP. AMB is global sourcing quality aloe vera bulk raw materials since 1999.INCI name of ACETYPOL DM® is Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Polysaccharides. Other synonyms for this INCI NAME are:  Aloe Vera (L.) Burm.F. Leaf Polysaccharides, Aloe Vera Polysaccharide Extract, FDA UNII/ZY81Z83H0X, CAS no.: 8001-97-6/ 94349-62-9, EINECS No.287-390-8 / 305-181-2

The demand consumers for new natural ingredients and scientific evidence for their efficacy has grown in the last years. Consumers adopting healthier lifestyles, and natural beauty products are becoming an integral part of caring for our appearance, and overall well-being, The label for derived natural cosmetic ingredients is based on ISO 16128. AMB Natural Origin label follows the criteria set out in ISO 16128 which was introduced in September 2017. The standard comprises guidelines on definitions for natural and organic cosmetic ingredients and offers a framework to determine the natural content of ingredients as well as formulations. According to ISO 16128, to receive a natural origin rating the natural part of an ingredient must be greater than 50%. The ISO standard aims to harmonize definitions for natural and organic cosmetic ingredients to provide greater transparency for manufacturers and consumers, and to date, it is the only internationally recognized standard to do so Aloe barbadensis contains carbohydrate polymers (glucomannans). AMB® is highly motivated to satisfy consumers more concerned with a healthy lifestyle globally, to improve gut health and cellular immunity. Acetypol DM® is a derma-glyconutrient supplement that contains acemannan- mannose-rich polysaccharides (acemannan, nutrient-dense version of this Acetypol DM®.  Acetypol DM®, due to its existence as the isolation main ingredient of aloe vera, naturally occurring polysaccharides can be obtained from aloe through a series of steps of extraction, isolation, and purification, including UF with ceramics filtration, but no alcohol, or methanol, or acetone has utilized for precipitation of polysaccharides, naturally occurring polysaccharides can be obtained from aloe vera gel, so, a unique process in the market. They display distinct structural features, including their molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, glycosidic linkages, three-dimensional conformations, charge properties, and types and numbers of groups, which contribute to their functional properties and determine their skincare applications. One of the distinctive characteristics of ACETYPOL DM® is the standardization range. Depending on the application of skincare formulas, AMB® offers several concentrations of acemannan (from 10% to 25%), as more concentrated is ACETYPOL DM®, offer to your market a faster solution and effective results al regular aloe vera ´powder 200X, this knowledge is supported by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR).

Exploring the potential of compounds- products and considering each fraction of the aloe vera plant as a possible source of innovation, this has become the highway of a new form of symbiotic innovation between dietary supplements, medical devices, and cosmetics, and one of the strong products is developed. For years, all types of sugar were categorized under one purpose for the body: energy. The entire medical community and the public alike have thought that all types of carbohydrates serve only one purpose. It was only recently discovered that a type of sugar called glycol-nutrients, or sweet nutrients, serves purposes that are crucial in cellular communication. Glyconutrients, or sweet nutrients, are a class of sugar that bonds with lipid and protein cells in our body to enhance cellular communication or the process of transferring signals from one cell to another. All of them have properties important to enhance cell-to-cell communication and most of them are crucial to promoting the enhancer of cellular growth by increasing cell attachment and proliferation. Aloe Vera polysaccharides are immune stimulants that display adjuvant activity on specific antibody production and enhance the release of interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (INF-γ). Bioactive acemannan controls the immunomodulation and anti-tumor properties of the gel. It mainly induces macrophage cytokine production, nitric oxide (NO) release, surface molecular expression, and cell morphological alteration in a mouse macrophage cell line and topical mechanisms have been proposed for the wound-healing effects of aloe gel, which include keeping the wound moist, increase epithelial cell migration, more rapid maturation of collagen and reduction in inflammation. In a raft culture, it exhibited stimulation of epidermal tissue formation as well as marked expression of proliferation markers on the immunohistochemical level. Scientific research shows that eight glyconutrient sugars are needed at the cellular level for optimum wellness. The β-(1→4)-glycosidic bond configuration of acemannan is an important consideration in terms of the therapeutic effects of A. vera gel since humans lack the ability to enzymatically break down these bonds. The acemannan found in aloe is structurally unique which makes it a characteristic compound of aloe species amongst other well-known plant mannans (which have distinct sidechains or are unacetylated and insoluble).

Aloe Vera plant galactomannans are made up of β-(1→4)-d-mannopyranosyl residues containing side chains of single α-(1→6)-d-galactopyranosyl groups. True galactomannans are represented by those mannans that contain more than 5% by weight of d-galactose residues. The physiological function of plant galactomannans is to retain water by solvation, especially to prevent the complete drying of seeds in regions with high temperatures. Glucomannans are polysaccharides that contain chains of randomly arranged β-(1→4)-d-manose and β-(1→4)-d-glucose residues in a ratio of 3:1. The backbone of galactoglucomannans consists of β-(1→4)-d-mannopyranosyl and β-(1→4)-d-glucopyranosyl residues with a α-(1→6)-d-galactopyranosyl and O-acetyl groups. The emerging field of glycobiology is the study of different forms of saccharides or carbohydrates of plant origin, that is, the poly mannans polysaccharides of Aloe. Carbohydrates are the most complex of the four major classes of biomolecules, which also include proteins, nucleic acids, and fats. For a long time, researchers concentrated on the key role of protein and amino acids, ignoring carbohydrates because of their complexity. A glyconutrient is a biochemical that contains a sugar molecule. Thus, glycoproteins have a sugar molecule attached to the protein, and glycolipids have a sugar molecule attached to fat. Glyconutrients are the ‘good’ sugars that attach themselves to cell molecules, allowing cells to communicate with each other. Every system in the body needs such communication, especially the immune system when trying to maintain equilibrium. Grasping the distinction between good sugars and bad sugars is important. The ‘bad’ sugar, sucrose, has been highly processed, has scant nutritional value, and artificially boosts energy levels by causing a rush of insulin to be followed soon by a corresponding drop. The treadmill of sugar cravings to keep that energy up is set in motion. Good sugars, monosaccharides, or glyconutrients are an entirely different matter. There are eight: glucose, galactose, fucose, mannose, xylose, N-acetlygalatosamine, N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylineuraminic acid. The following analogy provides an understanding of how they facilitate communication. Without the correct combination, communication between cells is disrupted with consequences that are detrimental to health.

Glycosyl components 

Glycosyl components contain glucose (37.2%), galactose (23.9%), mannose (19.5%), and arabinose (10.3%). Polyuronide has a molecular weight between 275 and 374 kDa, while that of aloe vera is 70 kDa. Another biologically active polysaccharide with a molecular weight between 420 and 520 kDa was isolated from aloe gel that comprises equal amounts of glucose and mannose. But, prompted by the wonderful properties of aloe vera, researchers were forced to look at the role of glyconutrients in human health and their life-giving potential. In particular, the focus is on their biosynthetic activity that may offer an innovative nutritional approach to a range of pathologies. Increasing evidence supports the role of glyconutrients such as dietary fibers in modulating the gut microbiome, thereby regulating multiple physiological functions ranging from immunity to cognitive processes. This process is the most common form of protein and lipid modification, where saccharides are attached to proteins and lipids through a complex, but ordered, a process in the ribosome, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi bodies of the cell to enable intracellular functioning and cell-to-cell communication. It cannot be over-emphasized that glycoconjugates, glycolipids, glycoproteins, and proteoglycans, are critical components of the cell surface recognition process throughout all organ systems.

Skincare is one of the most profitable product categories today. Consumers’ demand for skin-friendly products has stimulated the development of natural-ingredient-based cosmeceutical and functional preparations over synthetic chemicals. Thus, natural polysaccharides have gained much attention since their promising potent efficacy in wound healing, moisturizing, antiaging, and whitening. The challenge is to raise awareness of polysaccharides with excellent bioactivities from natural sources and consequently incorporate them in novel and safer cosmetics or topical medical devices of natural polysaccharides from aloe vera on skin health.

The application of some functional polysaccharides in cosmetics is based on their functionalities in the formulation technology, such as thickener, film former, conditioner, emulsifier, and gelling agent, which generally rely on their physicochemical properties. On the other hand, bioactive polysaccharides are role by the ability of water retention, water absorption, antioxidant, anti-inflammation, anti-collagenase, anti-elastase, anti-melanogenic, or anti-tyrosinase. This biopolymer is constructed with simple sugar building blocks that are easily hydrated in an aqueous environment, thereby creating the gel structure called hydrogel or hydrocolloid. Polysaccharide, a biodegradable polymer, is excellent in compatibility with biological tissues and largely meets the consumers’ preferences toward natural products. Mechanisms of skin hydrating effect and in vivo instrumental evaluation are addressed. Health benefits of this biopolymer in sufficiently suppressing dryness of the skin and potentially protecting from and/or treating wrinkles of the skin acting as an antiaging ingredient are highlighted. Polysaccharides are composed of multiple saccharides forming a large branched or unbranched chain. They are simply classified as homopolysaccharides (same monosaccharide unit) and heteropolysaccharides (different monomeric units). Thus, they are accounted as polymers. These naturally derived polymers constructed with simple sugar building blocks are hydrated in an aqueous environment, thereby creating a gel structure called hydrogel or hydrocolloid. This system, in which water is immobilized by insoluble polymers, is imparting a moisturizing effect consequently. The moist gels are highly compatible with biological tissues and are biodegradable according to their natural occurrence, classifying them as biopolymers. These are inexpensive and vastly available from natural sources which enlighten their importance in health benefit applications, including cosmetics. These strengthen the consumers’ preferences toward the safety and efficacy of polysaccharides, the application of polysaccharides in cosmetics will be classified into functional and active biopolymers.

Acetypol DM®, moisturizing, and anti-aging effect. 

The integumentary system is the largest organ of the body that forms a physical barrier between the external environment and the internal environment that it serves to protect and maintain. The integumentary system includes the epidermis, dermis, hypodermis, associated glands, hair, and nails. In addition to its barrier function, this system performs many intricate functions such as body temperature regulation, cell fluid maintenance, synthesis of Vitamin D, and detection of stimuli. The various components of this system work in conjunction to carry out these functions—for example, body temperature regulation occurs through thermoreceptors that lead to the adjustment of peripheral blood flow, degree of perspiration, and body hair. The mechanism of action, Aloe stimulates fibroblast which produces collagen and elastin fibers making the skin more elastic and less wrinkled. It also has cohesive effects on the superficial flaking epidermal cells by sticking them together, which softens the skin. A sophisticated and dynamic organ, serving as a barrier between the internal environment and the world outside, yet has numerous functions that go far beyond that role including homeostatic regulation, prevention of percutaneous loss of fluid, electrolytes, and proteins; temperature maintenance; sensory perception; and immune surveillance. The immunostimulatory activities of many polysaccharides are confirmed. It appears that immune cells, especially macrophages, are involved in this regulating process. Macrophages play a vital role in kinds of complex microbicidal functions, including surveillance, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and degradation of the target organisms. And polysaccharides can modulate the function of macrophages.

Regarding the above classification of moisturizing polysaccharides, water-retaining, and water absorption capacities, and total polysaccharide content. The complexity and variety of polysaccharides can be explained by two unique structural features: firstly, monosaccharides can be linked together in different ways (1→2, 1→3, 1→4, 1→5 and 1→6, in an α- or β-configuration) and secondly, due to the presence of branched side chains. The innermost part of the leaf is a clear, soft, moist, and slippery tissue that consists of large thin-walled parenchyma cells in which water is held in the form of viscous mucilage. Therefore, the thick fleshy leaves of aloe plants contain not only cell wall carbohydrates such as cellulose and hemicellulose but also storage carbohydrates such as acetylated mannans. Important pharmaceutical properties that have recently been discovered for the Aloe vera gel extract include the ability to improve the bioavailability of co-administered vitamins in human subjects. Due to its absorption-enhancing effects, A. vera gel may be employed to effectively deliver poorly absorbable drugs through the oral route of drug administration. Glycan mannose makes up most of the dry matter of the Aloe vera parenchyma storage polysaccharide, acetylated glucomannan, is located within the protoplast of the parenchyma cells and a variety of polysaccharides are present in the cell wall matrix. Overall carbohydrate analysis of the alcohol-insoluble residues showed that the cell walls in the fillet of the aloe leaf hold mainly mannose-containing polysaccharides, cellulose, and pectic polysaccharides whereas the skin of the leaf contains, in addition, significant quantities of xylose-containing polysaccharides, Other polysaccharides such as arabinan, arabinorhamnogalactan, galactan, galactogalacturan, glucogalactomannan, galactoglucoarabinomannan and glucuronic acid-containing polysaccharides have been isolated from the Aloe vera inner leaf gel part.

Aloe lectins are known to be proteins or glycoproteins binding to specific sugar moieties on the cell surfaces, affinity chromatography has been widely used for their purification from natural sources. For this purpose, hemagglutination inhibition tests are usually undertaken to determine the specific binding sugar which can be mono-, di-, or polysaccharide, a glycopeptide, or a glycoprotein, and this component is chosen as the coupling affinity ligand.

With respect to structural diversity, glycans have the capacity to far exceed proteins and nucleic acids. Their structural diversity allows them to encode information for specific molecular recognition and to serve as determinants of protein folding, stability, and pharmacokinetics. Because glycosylation is one of the most common forms of posttranslational modification, increasing numbers of investigators are undertaking research in glycobiology and glycosylation, the attachment of saccharide units to proteins and lipids. Glyconutrients are foods and nutritional molecules that provide healing saccharides, or sugars, also known as lectin-blockers to your body.

Aloe Polymannose: The Master glyconutrient.

Aloe vera gel has been documented to be in use by human beings as a health-promoting substance, but It was not until the mid-1980s that it was recognized that the principal moiety found to promote healing is a complex polysaccharide containing mannose sugars linked in chains that yield mannose -6-PO, then engulfed by macrophages and cleaved by a beta 1-4- mannosidase lysosomal enzyme. Based on the different glycosides linked with glycan, polysaccharides also exist in the forms of proteoglycans, glycolipids, and glycoconjugates. The rapid development of bioanalytical technology has enabled us to understand the structure of polysaccharides and utilize their functions. Polysaccharides, together with oligosaccharides, not only serve as the building blocks of life but also mediate many biological signals, including cell–to–cell communication, immune recognition, and mitogenesis.

These findings motivate the development of polysaccharides for biomedical applications—as therapeutic agents, drug carriers, and tissue scaffolds. Molecules of this mannose sugar are required to initiate the synthesis of the structure and function of molecules made in human cells. For a saccharide to be so fundamental in life processes other than to supply energy was a major departure from accepted scientific dogma. Compounding this problem was that by serving at such a vital step and being a key component unit in cellular synthesis, increasing the supply of mannose supported the dynamics of the Michaelis-Menten phenomenon that enhances the synthesis of general defense and healing compounds made by cells required to restore homeostasis in numerous health compromises.

Despite numerous national and international presentations, the basic science principles and clinical responses on glyconutrient benefits reported were ignored. However, many basic scientists continued to do investigations into the role sugars play in molecular biology and biochemistry that constitute the processes of life, cell adhesion, defense, and healing; and programmed cell death with regeneration (apoptosis) are regulated by a sugar-coding domain in activator molecules. Such sugar molecules are a component of protein and lipid chains. Sugars were stated to be an alphabet of coded biological instructions to conduct and/or participate in processes essential for life that exceed the information carried in DNA located in the chromosomes. This epic issue was largely ignored in North America until the journal Science published 12 articles on Glycobiology in March 2001. With all plenty of research, studies, and scientific papers, AMB® develops ACETYPOL DM® focus on Mannose polysaccharides powder, as an essential ingredient in core for specialty products for skin improvement and immune health.

More recently, the Scientific American July 2002 issue published a review on the cardinal role of sugars in medicine and health. The medical and scientific community is now rapidly accepting the power of dietary sugars low or absent in the modern diet, to support the restoration of health, ACETYPOL DM® effectiveness is supporting the health and wellness of its medical devices and functional market. ACETYPOL DM® contains the putative bioactive glycan, acemannan, plus amino acids, other carbohydrates, organic acids, and vitamins. Specifically, acemannan is a long-chain poly-dispersed beta-(1,4)-acetylated poly-mannose with interspersed acetyl groups, with a mannose monomer/acetyl ratio of approximately 1:1. The presence of the medium to higher molecular weight acetylated poly mannans polysaccharides is viewed as a proxy for the biological activity found in Aloe vera. In the increasingly dynamic discussion at the interface of plant-based foods, glycobiology, and health, Aloe vera is unique. It is ubiquitous in cosmetics, foods, and dietary supplements.

Apart from the spectrum of polysaccharides and anthraquinones, Aloe vera contains at least 75 other potentially active constituents: vitamins, enzymes, minerals, sugars, lignin, saponins, salicylic acids, and amino acids. The accumulated experimental work to date together with albeit limited clinical study has suggested a daunting array of glycobiological functions that independently and in intriguing fashion parallel emerging applications of Aloe vera. These functions may include but are not limited to the following: physical protection and tissue elasticity, lubrication, physical expulsion of pathogens, diffusion barriers, protection from proteases, cell migration, and wound healing, modulation of membrane receptor signaling, depot (hydrophilic) functions, protection from immune recognition, epigenetic histone modifications, prebiotic support, antigen recognition, uptake, and processing, and intercellular signaling.

Acetypol DM® interacts with skin care formulations for health and beauty products for the skin, cosmetic active ingredients, dermatologic care products, and targeted application, novel formulations, facilitating skin permeation and improving stability, novel nanotechnology-based lipid systems (liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, etc.) to deliver moisturizing cosmetic actives and improve product efficacy, the permeable outer layer of the epidermis, the stratum corneum (SC), protects the body from dehydration and other environmental stresses, drug penetration through the SC: the intracellular, the shunt (via sweat glands and hair follicles), and the intercellular pathway, corneocytes and intercellular lipid layers, topical formulations, transdermal delivery systems, penetration of active ingredients through the skin, modern skin care formulations, maintain optimal moisture levels in the skin. It must need clinical studies conforming regulations of each country and application.

Aloe Vera is effective for skin care treatment, as an ingredient to improve skin barrier function for different skin care products formulations, emollients, occlusive, and humectants. Emollients will soften and smooth the skin; occlusive provides a barrier that sits on the surface of the skin and prevents trans-epidermal water loss; and humectants, bind and hold water in the stratum corneum.

Aloe vera has a good moisturizing effect and can be used as a complement in the treatment of dry skin, and mucopolysaccharides, aloe is beneficial to be used especially in dermatological aspects, It can increase the water content of the stratum corneum by attracting water from the dermis below and keeping this water bounding the stratum corneum, helps to bind moisture which will make the skin moist, TEWL, moisturizing cream, and epidermal layer.

Aloe polysaccharides have long been associated with the established health benefits of aloe – such as supporting a healthy immune system and reducing the recovery time of skin. Our ACETYPOL DM® bioactive glycan, the proprietary process enhances our products through bioactivity-guided manufacturing which increases the active molecular weight fraction named acemannan, made from insulated polysaccharides present in the inner Aloe Vera Gel by micro filtering, retaining polysaccharides up to 50 kDa. The final product has an Acemannan % to total content, it ranges from 10% to 25% measured by NMR Method. The defining characteristic of ACETYPOL DM® is its high concentration of acetylated Polymannose, the immunomodulatory active ingredient of Aloe Vera with an optimal distribution of molecular weight and excellent ingredient to boost skin results faster than regular. ACETYPOL DM® from AMB wellness® has always been science-based. Aloe polysaccharide is already thought to be the principal active ingredient of Aloe vera. The result of this research identified a fraction of the polysaccharide that was responsible for immune function and cellular health.

The modification of the aloe polysaccharide increases the highly active fraction of the polysaccharide, Acemannan, by 400%. This scientific breakthrough has resulted in dramatically increased biological benefits when using a micro filtering system and made ACETYPOL DM® ingredient the most powerful aloe vera compound and the most effective aloe ingredient in the world for high-end skincare products. ACETYPOL DM® due to its bioactive glycan through a proprietary process protects polysaccharide products derived from the juice of the aloe plant resulting in a novel product.

The conventional, commercially available Aloe Vera powder 200x, contains only 4% polysaccharides, meanwhile, ACETYPOL DM® contains no less than 20-25% of acemannan. This information has two pathways for your formulation, reducing aloe vera in your formula and the second, is increasing the effect in skin benefits faster than regular aloe 200X powder. Aloe carbohydrates were thought to serve mainly as an energy source for the body, but it is now recognized that many of these carbohydrates also play key roles in enhancing immune function and in facilitating cellular communication. The active polysaccharide fractions in Aloe are called galactomannans or beta-glucomannans. These polysaccharides have been shown in laboratory studies to act as a bridge between foreign proteins (such as virus particles or lignins) and macrophage cells in the human body, facilitating the destruction of the invading the protein by the macrophage. These various effects, while seemingly widespread and unrelated, are in fact due to one simple process that occurs at the cell membrane. Aloe is a rich source of polysaccharides and has various carbohydrate constituents, for example, polysaccharides, Acemannan, and mannose-6-phosphate, of which mannose-6-phosphate and Acemannan are major constituents of the carbohydrates of Aloe Vera. Aloe vera plant extracts are ubiquitous in foods, cosmetics, and medicine. Like all plants, these extracts contain an array of potential bioactive or glycans, which may contribute to health when applied or consumed. In the Aloe vera plant, these bioactive are dominated by acemannan, a type of carbohydrate, and related complexes of saccharides, proteins, and lipids. What these polysaccharides do in our bodies is a complicated process that leads to cell-to-cell communication. It means that communication inside our bodies between cells is as significant to our well-being; Polysaccharides provide the building blocks needed to assemble healthy cells and enable these glycoforms to create correct cellular communication. When cellular messages go wrong then health breaks down and sickness occurs. Simple and complex carbohydrates (glycans) have long been known to play major metabolic, structural, and physical roles in biological systems.

Biological roles can only explain some of the remarkable complexity and organismal diversity of glycans in nature, glycan-recognition-specific biological roles of glycans that were of intrinsic value to the organism expressing them, glycans are no different from other major macromolecular building blocks of life (nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids), simply more rapidly evolving and complex. It is time for the diverse functional roles of glycans to be fully incorporated into the mainstream of biological sciences. Clinical data suggests aloe extracts may be beneficial in the management of cutaneous and some systemic conditions, such as some forms of immune dysfunction, atherogenesis, malignancy, and numerous cell functions. The entourage effects of contemporary Aloe vera when consumed or applied topically represent opportunities for clinical investigation which may be applied to commercial consumer products and therapeutic indications. Future research should fully explore the range of bioactive glycan components and their respective safety and efficacy. The history and ongoing popularity of Aloe vera products represent a pragmatic mandate for a well-designed investigation into the diverse functional roles of glycans. There are various mechanisms by which Aloe vera can promote wound healing e.g., a glycoprotein fraction G1G1M1D12 has been shown to stimulate wound healing by increasing keratinocyte proliferation and migration. Wound healing is a fundamental response to tissue injury that results in the restoration of tissue integrity. This is achieved mainly by the synthesis of the connective tissue matrix. Collagen is the major protein of the extracellular matrix and is the component that ultimately contributes to wound strength. Aloe vera gel influences the collagen content of the granulation tissue and the degree of cross-linking, thus promoting wound healing. In their work, the ratio of type I/type III collagen of treated groups was found to be lower than that of the untreated controls indicating enhanced levels of type III collagen. Furthermore, Aloe vera Gel can inhibit matrix metalloproteinase in a dose-dependent manner.

Glycobiology

The emerging field of glycobiology is the study of different forms of saccharides or carbohydrates of plant origin, that is, the polymannans polysaccharides of Aloe. In particular, the focus is on their biosynthetic activity that may offer an innovative nutritional approach to a range of pathologies.

Acemannan (the name often used for Aloe beta-glucomannans, acetylated poly mannans and-mucopolysaccharides) is a long-chain sugar that interjects itself into all cell membranes. This results in an increase in the fluidity and permeability of the membranes allowing toxins to flow out of the cell more easily and nutrients to enter the cell more easily. This results in improved cellular metabolism throughout the body and an overall boost in energy production. The body’s natural “complement system” a critical defense system involving a series of proteins only needs to be activated to attack bacteria. It is the polysaccharides that trigger these proteins in a sequence called the “cascade phenomenon” to take on a doughnut shape and insert themselves into the surface membranes of bacteria. Glucomannan and Acemannan have been proven to accelerate wound healing. The principal bioactive component of aloe vera, Acemannan, consists of a size range that is most responsible for skin function. ACETYPOL DM® is a potent concentrated acemannan compound, it helps in the healing process of skin lesions and allows faster moisturizing, soothering, and hydration. These effects might be due to several mechanisms, including increasing collagen synthesis and the rate of epithelization produced by acemannan. Aloe vera induces proliferation and type I collagen synthesis in human fibroblasts. Aloe vera gel-induced stimulation of fibroblasts could be explained by the notion that either Aloe Gel directly stimulates fibroblasts, or it first stimulates macrophages; these macrophages then release chemical messengers that stimulate fibroblasts. It might be that the components of Aloe vera Gel contain mannose-6-phosphate that fits into growth receptors present on fibroblast cells and stimulates them.

This type of receptor is also found in macrophages and other immune cells. This very mechanism has been referred to above, showing a route to the stimulation of fibroblasts. Inherent to this idea is the concept that fibroblast cells – which are key cells in forming the structure of connective tissue – possess special receptors, which are sensitive to mannose-6-phosphate and hence to mannose-containing polysaccharides, mannose-containing glycoproteins, and breakdown products derived from these large mannose rich molecules. The fractions prepared from Aloe Gel contain lectin-like glycoprotein substances. Presumably, these substances promote the growth of human fibroblasts. The aloe glycoproteins, mainly lectin, were reported to have wound-healing activity. However, the mannose-binding lectin shows improved wound healing, hemagglutination (agglutination of red blood cells), and mitogenic (an agent that triggers mitosis) activity.

The glycoprotein molecule in Aloe vera has cell proliferation-boosting activity. The presence of a 29 kDa glycoprotein in Aloe vera Gel is responsible for cell proliferating activity. The carbohydrate molecules present in these biologically active glycoproteins are mainly mannose. The potency of mannose-6 phosphate and glycoproteins in Aloe vera for wound healing. Mannose6-phosphate promoted wound healing in a dose-dependent manner but increased wound healing effects were noted with mannose-6-phosphate linked to an insulin-like growth factor 11 receptor protein. It is not surprising that the processes of immune stimulation and healing have something in common and that they should also be linked in another way. Both seem to reside, at least in part, in the high molecular weight carbohydrate-rich fraction of aloe. It appears that the “final common pathway” for initiating both the immune-stimulatory effect and the tissue-healing effect of aloe is the stimulation of predominantly mannose-sensitive cell-surface receptors.

Glycosaminoglycans

The influence of Aloe vera (L.) Burman f. on the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) components of the matrix, Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are credited with maintaining the water content in skin and giving skin its elastic response, is a dynamic and complex sequence of events of which the major one is the synthesis of extracellular matrix components. The early stage is characterized by the laying down of a provisional matrix, which is then followed by the formation of granulation tissue and the synthesis of collagen and elastin. The most popular GAG used in cosmeceutical products is hyaluronic acid (HA), also called hyaluronan. A second GAG substance often used in cosmeceuticals is chondroitin. GAGs – glycosaminoglycans, linear heteropolysaccharides, part of the extracellular matrix. Regulate cellular proliferation, migration, and differentiation. They also direct the activities of growth factor (GF). PGs migration, – forms the first bodily response to wound healing and tissue reconstruction. They prevent blood coagulation within the vascular space, regulate inflammatory cell function and form the major components of the substructure upon which collagen and elastin are present, in both animal and human tissues at varying amounts, hyaluronic acid has a concentration of about 0.2 mg/mL in the human dermis. This very high molecular weight linear polymer is anionically charged at physiological pH. When hyaluronic acid forms hydrogen bonds, it acquires a helix structure. This helps explain its characteristic viscoelastic properties when in solution. Owing to its molecular size, hyaluronic acid typically is found in the basal layer of the skin, and no higher toward the skin surface than the granular layer. It has also been reported that AHAs may stimulate the production of glycosaminoglycan, collagen, and elastin. Blood flow may increase to the skin tissues because of the dilatation of surface blood vessels. All these effects are considered beneficial to the consumer. The shedding of skin cells helps reduce the appearance of dry skin, reduces the thickness of the stratum corneum so that it looks less thick or leathery, and serves to fade spots of hyperpigmentation. The maximum therapeutic effects obtained from using AHAs usually are noted after about 2 weeks of use. As usage continues, the rate of cell renewal declines. The presence of Vitamin D in the gel also acts as a healing agent. Apart from vitamin D, vitamin C, vitamin B complex and minerals such as zinc are very important in the wound healing activity of Aloe vera gel polysaccharides.

Aloe vera and glycans

Aloe vera inner gel mucilage is a water-gel system that contains the putative bioactive glycan, acemannan, plus amino acids, other carbohydrates, organic acids, and vitamins. Again, it is important to underscore the point that the health properties of topically applied and orally consumed Aloe vera are usually attributed to this glucomannan known as acemannan. The presence of the medium to higher molecular weight acetylated polymannans polysaccharides is viewed as a proxy for the biological activity found in Aloe vera. These functions may include but are not limited to the following: physical protection and tissue elasticity, lubrication, physical expulsion of pathogens, diffusion barriers, protection from proteases, cell migration, and wound healing, modulation of membrane receptor signaling, depot (hydrophilic) functions, protection from immune recognition, epigenetic histone modifications, prebiotic support, antigen recognition, uptake, and processing, and intercellular signaling.

Glycation or non-enzymatic glycosylation is defined as the chemical reaction between reducing sugars, (glucose, fructose, etc.) and free protein amino acids. This non-enzymatic modification of tissue protein amino acids by reducing sugars is known as the Maillard or browning reaction. This results in cross-linking, and the subsequent formation of reversible Amadori products. With sufficient time, the Amadori products spontaneously undergo further crosslinking to form irreversible crosslinks called advanced glycation end products (AGEs). As a result, the protein amino acids are altered in structure and function. In short, glycation is the inevitable sugar processing, where sugar irreversibly attaches to long-lived proteins such as collagen, accumulating with age. This leads to the destructive (abnormal) cross-linking of the structural proteins of tissues and organs. The result is stiffening; decreased flexibility and elasticity (hardening) of the organs and tissues made up of these protein amino acids. This causes a gradual deterioration of normal tissue and organ functioning – repair, defense, and coping mechanisms.

Glycation is associated with both intrinsic (internal, within the tissue itself) and actinic (due to radiation by which chemical effects are produced) aging. AGEs are associated with cellular dysfunction, age-related diseases, and conditions. Conditions for glycation and the formation of AGEs must be correct, however. These reactions take a long time to occur and only proteins with significant amounts of the Amadori products.  present will accumulate substantial amounts of AGEs. This occurs on long-lived proteins (i.e., tissues with low turnover rate) (i.e., fibronectin, laminin, collagen, elastin, etc.), when high concentrations of sugar are present, as with diabetes mellitus.

Causes of glycation

The factors influencing glycation and its acceleration are age, solar (UV) radiation, the amount of caloric intake, tissue type, level of reducing sugars present, smoking of tobacco, oxidative stress, general health, and metal ions. There is a specific fraction of Aloe vera extract for enhancing tight junctions in skin cells, which is a biologically active polysaccharide from Aloe. Specific skin-related issues that people care about include, good skin health free of infections, good skin tone, and adequate moisturization. In general, the condition of unhealthy facial skin will affect psychosocial development, including decreased self-confidence which disdains someone to actualize their potential. Aloe vera is one of the oldest medicinal plants for healthy skin ever known. Aloe Vera polysaccharides are effective for various mechanisms such as maintaining moist skin, increasing cell migration, increasing collagen production, and reducing inflammation. Aloe Vera has been studied as having exceptional moisturizing activity. The content of mucopolysaccharides helps bind moisture to the skin. Aloe Vera stimulates fibroblasts which in turn produce collagen and elastin fibers making the skin more elastic and reducing wrinkles. AV is used to fight skin irritation, skin exposure to UV and gamma radiation, burns, burns, eczema, psoriasis, acne, dermatitis, and ulcers, and to stimulate cell regeneration. As the most voluminous organ of the body that is exposed to the outer environment, the skin suffers from both intrinsic and extrinsic aging factors.

Skin aging is characterized by features such as wrinkling, loss of elasticity, laxity, and rough-textured appearance. Skin lines or skin become very visible when our skin is dry, especially around the eyes, lips, and cheeks, the condition of dry skin can be worse when exposed to wind or when there is a drastic change in weather from hot to cold or from cold to hot. Aloe has unique uses. The Aloe Vera polysaccharide component is responsible for penetration and lubrication ability. Enzymes are useful in processing nutrients in food. Protein is useful for repairing body tissues. As cosmetics, Aloe Vera is very good at maintaining moisture, tightening, and smoothing the skin. Various studies have revealed the content of Aloe Vera and its benefits for dealing with dry skin. in the cosmetics industry as a hydrating ingredient in liquids, creams, sun lotions, shaving creams, lip balms, healing ointments, and face packs. However, up to now, it has not been reported how the right technique is used to face mildly dry skin conditions. The mechanism of action of acemannan appears to be twofold. First, acemannan is a potent macrophage-activating agent and therefore may stimulate the release of fibrogenic cytokines. Second, growth factors may directly bind to acemannan, promoting their stability and prolonging their stimulation of granulation tissue, helping the skin moisture from the use of aloe vera leaf pulp by patting and pressure rubbing techniques on facial skin. Several other mechanisms have been proposed to explain the activity of Aloe Vera Gel, including stimulation of the complement linked to polysaccharides, as well as the hydrating, insulating, and protective properties of the gel. This aging process is accompanied by phenotypic changes in cutaneous cells as well as structural and functional changes in extracellular matrix components such as collagens and elastin. In this review, we summarize these changes in skin aging, research advances of the molecular mechanisms leading to these changes, and the treatment strategies aimed at preventing or reversing skin aging.

Other aloe compound materials can protect the skin against free radical damage through its antioxidant properties, cleansing, and antiseptic actions of soapy saponins, the anti-inflammatory effects of phytohormones and sterols such as cholesterol, and ß-sitosterol and other bioactivities of the complex polysaccharides, reduce drying and irritation of the skin. The polysaccharides are also useful in a soap-type shave cream, acting as a lubricant due to its mucilaginous nature, penetrating the dermal layers deeply, allowing moisturizers and water to restore fluid loss and replenishing the fatty layer, Acemannan mucopolysaccharides assist in moisture retention of the skin, as a humectant and can be added to nonionic, cationic or anionic moisturizing products, although the quantity is limited in anionic emulsions, emulsifying system.

Experts on the matter assure that the above-mentioned beneficial properties are directly linked with the Aloe vera polysaccharides type, composition, and concentration. Biochemically, these elements are long-chained sugars that can be found in all plants. However, Aloe vera contains a special type of polysaccharide called Acemannan, which oversees providing many of Aloe positive health effects. Glycobiology, polymannans, polysaccharides of Aloe, are terms intrinsic to glycobiology, This process is the most common form of protein and lipid modification, where saccharides are attached to proteins and lipids through a complex, but ordered, a process in the ribosome, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi bodies of the cell to enable intracellular functioning and cell-to-cell communication, that glycoconjugates, glycolipids, glycoproteins, and proteoglycans, are critical components of the cell surface recognition process throughout all organ systems, structural diversity, glycans have the capacity to far exceed proteins and nucleic acids. Their structural diversity allows them to encode information for specific molecular recognition and to serve as determinants of protein folding, stability, and pharmacokinetics, glycosylation is one of the most common forms of posttranslational modification, glycobiology, and glycosylation; the attachment of saccharide units to proteins and lipids, complex carbohydrates in cellular compartments, extracellular spaces, and body fluids, oligosaccharides, physical protection, and tissue elasticity, lubrication, physical expulsion of pathogens, diffusion barriers, protection from proteases, cell migration, and wound healing, modulation of membrane receptor signaling, depot (hydrophilic) functions, protection from immune recognition, epigenetic histone modifications, prebiotic support, antigen recognition, uptake and processing, and intercellular signaling.

Naturally derived biomaterials are often presumed to have enhanced compatibility with human tissues, the ability to exhibit bioactivity, and the ability to undergo biodegradation. Because of several advantages, natural biomaterials are usually used to replace or restore the structure and function of damaged tissues or organs. Natural biomaterials can adequately support cell attachment, migration, proliferation, and differentiation. However, the use of natural materials often has the problem of provoking the immune reaction of the host tissues. The aloe vera plant is a good source of natural polymers that remains to be explored extensively with other biomaterials for tissue engineering applications. Polymer extracts of aloe vera have the potential to be used as biomaterials in tissue engineering due to numerous advantages such as biodegradability, oxygen permeability, antioxidant action, and cell proliferation and regeneration. Various researchers have conducted experiments to prove the efficacy of aloe vera in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.

Acetypol DM ® composition for topical application to the external surface of a human body, preferably the human body, and includes the skin, the scalp, the hair, and the oral cavity. Such a composition may be generally classified as leave-on or rinse-off and includes any product applied to a human body for also improving immunity, appearance, cleansing, odor control, moisturization or general aesthetics. It is preferably a leave-on product. Aloe, Make-up Base, Color cosmetic, Effectiveness, Safety, makeup base containing aloe extract, Polyphenol contents of aloe extract and flavonoid, Growth activity of macrophage, make-up base containing aloe and general make base product, aloe extract may be able to substitute the synthetic pigments and considered to be uses for ingredients multi-functional color cosmetic’s ingredient,  A make-up base is cosmetic product that used to prepare the skin before using foundation, It works best on cleansed, prepared skin, and if the skin is exceptionally dry, then make-up base can be used on the skin after moisturizer,  aloe gel cleanser, anesthetic, antiseptic, antipyretic, antipruritic, nutrient, and moisturizer, aloe promoting effect on cell proliferation from the aloe gel, aloe had moisturizing agent as well as antibiotic ability, moisturizing, aloe had soothing and cooling effects,  mineral content which make it ideally suited for use as a make-up base product, The composition for skin care can be in the form of a liquid, lotion, cream, gel, or toner, and may be applied with an implement or via a face mask, pad, or patch. Preferably in the form of a cream, lotion, or gel on the face and body (e.g., neck, chest, back, arms, underarms, hands, legs, and buttocks). aloe vera as ingredients of a lip balm that can help to keep our lips moisturized and to relieve chapped or dry lips, Lip skin is fragile and lacks sebaceous glands, which means it does not contain the same moisturizing oils as the rest of your skin, intensely chapped, can even crack and bleed if you ignore or avoid applying any hydration to them. Chapped lips are often caused by dryness and sometimes inflammation, aloe vera has moisturizing and anti-inflammatory properties. Lip balms are formulations applied onto the lips to prevent drying and protect against adverse environmental factors, lipstick apply because it is a cosmetic form like lip balm (stick form), pleasant taste, innocuousness, smoothness during the application, adherence, and easy intentional removal, lip gloss, cosmetic manufacturers, experience and skill of the formulator, shelf life. Aloe exerted anti-skin wrinkling effects, and these effects were greatly enhanced by the easy penetration of the small molecules of polysaccharides of Aloe vera, into fibroblast cells thus resulting in improved anti-skin wrinkling effects.

Anti-Aging

Skin aging can be divided into endogenous and exogenous processes. The endogenous aging process is associated with reduced antioxidant status and cell proliferation capacity. Senescent cells express genes that produce inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and degradative enzymes. Both intrinsic and extrinsic aging can lead to the weakening of the skin’s structural integrity and loss of physiological functions, which is manifested in the decrease of elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles, dryness, changes in the thickness of the epidermis, dermal-epidermal junction, and dermis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are continuously produced as a by-product of mitochondrial aerobic metabolism and have been proven to play a beneficial role in maintaining the body or cell health when present in a small amount. However, excessive ROS in the body can induce and accelerate the intrinsic aging process, especially in skin that is usually present in areas that are not exposed to sunlight. In addition, the occurrence of photoaging relates to the production of ROS as well. Repeated exposure to solar UV can cause an increase in ROS, damage the cell structure and function, and mediate inflammatory responses. Consequently, excessive ROS can activate numerous signaling pathways, leading to decreased skin collagen production, stimulating the production of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), and promoting synthesis and activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which ultimately accelerate the aging process of the skin. In this context, many natural polysaccharides, which have been reported to combat different causes of skin aging through multiple routes, can be viewed as potential alternatives to synthetic chemical compounds used in the cosmetic industry. antiaging efficacy of dermo-cosmetic formulations containing A. barbadensis, derma firmness,  elasticity, nutricosmetic, developing innovative cosmetic products, scaly and flaky appearance or the xerosis of  the skin, occur in the absence or deficiency of  water, Moisturization is a crucial point to maintain the skin soft, flexible, smooth, wrinkle- free, and therefore preserve a youthful and beautiful appearance, Hydration is critical for the typical operation of the skin and its cells, Water levels mainly depend on the nature of  the stratum corneum (SC), the outermost epidermal layer of  the skin, the aging, and the destructive agents like the heat and the wind, epidermis has 2 different levels of  water, separated by the interface between the stratum granulosum (SG) and the stratum corneum (SC), Water present in the deeper epidermal layers goes upward to hydrate cells in the SC, and in part, it is lost by evaporation, formulation of  innovative products for beauty care with proven effectiveness , aloe cosmetics formulation development.

Exposure to Ultraviolet radiation accelerates skin aging, wrinkles, laxity, dyspigmentation, roughness, and dryness, natural biomaterials, fibroblasts cells on incubation with Aloe Vera, increased proliferation rate and the absence of blue stain indicated that the process of senesce has been reversed, aloe gel helps in regeneration and rejuvenation of the skin, skin aging has become a major symptom, involving the process of photo-induced oxidative reactions and exposure to pollutions, Repetitive exposure to UV radiation, leads to the free radical formation which breaks down the lipids to form malondialdehyde, malondialdehyde [MDA]. This MDA subsequently cross-links with the collagen, leading to the loss of skin elasticity and decreased moisture holding capacity which are very much related to the most obvious symptom of skin wrinkling, photoaging, dermal damage with marked elastotic degenerative change, collagen loss, reduction in number and size of fibroblasts, an increase in proteoglycans and a moderate mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltrate, capacity to proliferate fibroblasts cells and increase collagen production and secretion.

Several natural polysaccharides, which show antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential based on their ability to scavenge free radicals and reduce the production of inflammatory mediators, are valuable in treating or alleviating ROS-induced intrinsic aging.  Skin aging is a general and inevitable human dermatologic condition, characterized by loss of extracellular matrix in the epidermal and dermal layers, prevent and repair damage to reduce wrinkles and create younger looking skin, A. vera is used as an anti-aging treatment, since it is known to soften skin and encourage regeneration by stimulating cell proliferation through the amino acids such as arginine, asparagine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, serine and enzymes it contains, free radical damage is a key mechanism in the aging of skin, since these free radicals can damage structural cell membranes, lipids, proteins and DNA, antioxidant and anti-aging components in Aloe juice possibly include flavonoids, phenolic  and flavonoids compounds , also oligo-elements such as manganese and selenium, and superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase enzymes, although aloin, anthones and chromones may also be involved, antioxidant activities of Aloe polysaccharides, however, can be influenced by the degree of acetylation, glycosidic branching mechanism, type of sugar and molecular weight. The medical and research community is beginning to realize that in the case of Aloe Vera, the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. There may indeed be synergies that would not appear if the fractions’ separate actives isolated from Aloe Vera] were kept separate.

Aloe Vera, polysaccharides, especially the acetylated mannans from Aloe Vera, ACETYPOL DM® inhibits human tyrosinase activity via a noncompetitive inhibition mechanism, helps stabilize lysosomal enzymes needed to synthesize collagen, and prevents free radical damage (cross-linkage), viscosity, O/W emulsions, Accelerated testing, and pH-profile kinetics, The pH of human skin typically ranges from 4.5 to 6.0, increase the collagen fibers in the dermis, the polysaccharide-rich composition of Aloe vera extracts (Aloe barbadensis Miller), often used in cosmetic formulations, may impart moisturizing properties to the product.

Aloe polysaccharide-rich composition of Aloe vera extracts (Aloe barbadensis Miller), often used in cosmetic formulations, may impart moisturizing properties to the product, Aloe barbadensis is known for its capacity to promote the healing of many skin ailments, from minor burns to cuts, frostbite, acne to more severe skin diseases and inflammation due to the fact that it can penetrate into tissues beneath the skin layers and hasten the proliferation of cells to facilitate the skin repair process, polysaccharide structure, Aloe vera is one of the natural ingredients as a moisturizer, humectant effect on the skin, Humectants penetrate and draw water into the skin, skin capacitance increases with prolonged use of moisturizers, Aloe vera gel improved moisture level in SC without altering trans epidermal water loss (TEWL), The moisturizing effect of Aloe vera is likely attributed to its rich polysaccharide content, such as Acemannan and Glucomannan.

References:

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